Sunday, August 24, 2008

Booming Bangalore marvellous

Bangalore's rush to the future has hit a pothole or two, writes Bruno Maddox.

'And on the weekends, what does he do, the British adult man? Where does he go? Anybody? Anybody?" I should know this one, being an adult British man myself. On weekends I generally like to ... unwind? I don't know, actually. It's a good question.

"He goes up to ..? Anybody? The British man, he goes up to ... to Scotland!"

Ram, our friendly instructor, knocks on the screen of a filthy old Compaq desktop where flickers, dimly, a map of the British Isles. They seem very far away, all of a sudden, the British Isles, and in part that's because they are.

I have for three days been prowling the rock strewn, red-mud pavements of Bangalore and now find myself in a telephone call-centre with curling carpets just to the south and the west of that Indian city's centre.

Myself and 12 of the young call-centre operatives of tomorrow are learning the fine points of Anglo-American culture so that, later on during our working lives, we can more easily relate to the faceless Westerners who we'll be reminding to pay their credit card bills.

Frankly, though, it was news to me that 80 per cent of British insurance claims result directly from soccer hooliganism. I also don't see how it could have escaped my attention that many Westerners use the same fork and spoon from childhood to death. I'm not saying it's a bad idea, necessarily. Just that it doesn't ring a bell.

"And why?" Ram continues, cocking his head and touching his chin in a gesture of quizzicality not much seen since the days of the Elizabethan stage. "Anybody? Why does he go up to Scotland on the weekend, the British adult man? He goes to Scotland on the weekend ... for the wines!"

Ram shoots me a wink and caresses his belly in a circular motion. "Mmmmm! Very delicious. Some of the finest wines in the world, they are coming from Scotland."

This is, of course, not actually the case. But there is a larger point: nearly a decade after the south Indian city of Bangalore was anointed as the symbol of globalisation and outsourcing, a gleaming beacon pointing the way to a future of frictionless capitalism, its light still flickers like the screen on Ram's beloved Compaq.

The city remains a work in progress, one that reveals the future's perennial fondness for giving the impression it's just about to arrive ... and then getting called away on other business.
 A good place to watch the work progress is from the rooftop patio of Bangalore's superb Ebony restaurant. My hotel, the Ivory Tower, is just across the way and I've been starting my mornings with the traditional south Indian breakfast of idli and dosas and very strong coffee, gazing out over the chaos of Asia's fastest-growing city while being stared at by a team of six waiters who descend en masse anytime I even vaguely look like I might want something.

The view over Bangalore is impressive. Most mornings there are two or three separate buildings burning down in different parts of the city and, as if in response, the gleaming stumps of three or four new glass-and-steel skyscrapers that you don't remember seeing yesterday. The energy is palpable, but it isn't what it was.

Around the turn of the millennium, at the height of the city's high-tech boom, there was so much money and so many people flowing into Bangalore it felt like a city being built in a day. To anyone chancing to pass through (as I did myself in 2002) the pace was pretty close to unmanageable.

The potholed roads were crammed with traffic - mainly helmetless men on scooters, as I recall, balancing computer monitors on their heads - but it didn't seem to slow anyone down. In every vacant lot there seemed to be an office building growing at visible speed. I remember the sign outside one of them: MicroHard. It was that kind of heady atmosphere, when even a terrible pun seemed reason enough to throw up a skyscraper.

Returning to the city today, however, I find it hardly recognisable. The roads are still jammed with cars and scooters but the speed of the traffic - indeed of life in the city - has slowed considerably. Before the boom Bangalore was known as India's "garden city", a tag that seemed destined to join Greenland in the ranks of ironically inappropriate place names.

Nowadays the foliage seems to be reasserting itself - though I trust the splendid, colonial-era botanical gardens were never under threat - and the general mood of the place has mellowed from frantic pioneer hysteria into a sort of chic self-confidence.

There are shopping centres now, and suburbs. There are nightclubs and restaurants and bars. There is even, in the rubbled moonscape of the slum two blocks from my hotel, a wooden shack with a roof made of sari material and plastic bags whose hand-lettered awning proudly reads: laser eye surgery.

Bangalore, it should be said, has been wealthy before - or rather it has been home to wealthy people before, who left behind pockets of old-world colonial luxury to be colonised again by India's new "nouveaux riches"


The Bangalore Club, established in 1868, boasts a 15-year waiting list for membership and the former patronage of Winston Churchill (who still owes the club some 15 rupees, according to a prominently displayed ledger of irrecoverable debts).

In terms of sheer opulence, though, Bangalore stands in awe - and in the shadow - of the mighty Palace of Mysore. It was only finished in 1912, having been commissioned in 1897 by Mysore's then queen regent, but in its tasteful hugeness and the epic whimsy of its pink marble domes it looks more like something out of Kubla Khan.

Returning to town, I pay a visit to the trendy Park hotel, where young Bangalore allegedly comes out to play. The Park is a towering masterpiece of Terence Conran modernist architecture, and - having arrived too early for the cocktail set - I spend some time inside with the serene figure of chef Abhijit Saha, a man who rises daily to the surreal challenge of running a world-class Italian restaurant in the cradle of modern India.

If that weren't difficult enough, Saha's restaurant is named 'I-t.alia (clearly the Bangalorean impulse to hang millions of dollars on a feeble attempt at wordplay hasn't dimmed very much since the go-go days of MicroHard).

Saha's predicament, in many ways, embodies Bangalore's new precarious stability - but if his minestrone with pancetta is anything to go by, the city has nothing to worry about. Rich and oily, this is a strapping young soup that revels in its surroundings, holds fast to its Italian heritage, but keeps the greenery to a minimum beneath a coiled plume of pancetta.

Invigorated, I ask Saha about his city. He shakes his head. "It is the roads," he says sadly. "The roads here in Bangalore, they are very bad."

I've been hearing this a lot.

Indeed it is this, the quintessentially prosaic issue of "infrastructure", that has slowed Bangalore's growth from meteoric to steady, and upon which may hang the city's future.

The roads are not just bad; they are very bad. But the state government - Bangalore is state capital of Karnataka - doesn't care terribly much. Or it does and it doesn't.

AT&T, Dell and Citibank may have moved whole departments of their companies to India, but those people don't get to vote. To most Karnatakans, the ones who elect people, this is still a rural state with an agricultural economy and fixing Bangalore's roads, understandably, is a relatively low priority to those who plough the clay with iron shares

What we have, here atop the dusty Deccan Plateau, is a city stuck not between past and present - many cities are stuck there - but between past and future.

And I would not have my Bangalore be any other way. Nor could I want a better and more colourful home for those disembodied voices that I know are now there for me, to help me in my hour of need, even if that hour is 3am. And I hope, as we trained telephone call-centre operatives are fond of saying, that I have been able to be helpful.

TRIP NOTES

Getting there

Cathay Pacific, Singapore Airlines and Thai Airways fly from Sydney to Bangalore via their hubs.

Staying there

Hotel Ivory Tower doubles from $80. 84 Mahatma Gandhi Road. Phone + 2558 9333 or see http://www.hotelivorytower.com. The Park Bangalore, modern Indian boutique hotel. Doubles from $260. 14/7 Mahatma Gandhi Road. Phone + 2559 4666 or see http://www.theparkhotels.com. Villa Pottipati Neemrana Hotel, family-owned mansion with eight comfortable rooms and a charming garden. Doubles from $90. 142 Fourth Main, Eighth Cross, Malleswaram. Phone + 2336 0777 or see www.neemranahotels.com.

Each month The Sun-Herald Travel brings you an exclusive bonus extract from Travel + Leisure magazine. The September edition is the magazine's annual Asia issue and features stories on the emerging destination of Taipei, Asia's cutting-edge public spaces and a train journey to Lhasa on the world's highest railway. Today we bring you an extract of Travel + Leisure's feature on Bangalore, which asks whether this Indian city endures as the ultimate symbol of globalisation. Each month Travel + Leisure has the best travel photography and writing from around the world. The magazine's correspondents travel independently and do not accept free travel of any kind. See www.travelandleisure.com.au.

Griffin: China Could Beat US in Moon Race

More bad news for NASA: even their administrator thinks China could beat the US to the Moon. Speaking with the BBC today, Michael Griffin shared his views about the Chinese space aspirations, pointing out that the super-state could, if they wanted to, send a manned mission to the lunar surface within a decade. NASA's return mission to the Moon is planned to launch, at the earliest, in 2020, so this news is bound to knock the wind out of the US space agency's hopes to continue where it left off in 1972…

In the last five years, China has been teetering on the edge of a full-manned space program. In 2003, the nation became only the third country to put a national into space (following the Russia and the USA), blasting Yang Liwei into orbit for 21 hours on the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. Shenzhou 6 was launched with two astronauts (or "taikonauts") on board, spending five days orbiting the Earth in 2005. This year, shortly after the Beijing Olympics in October, China is sending another manned mission into orbit, only this time it is hoped a spacewalk will be possible. With this rapid succession of successful manned launches, it comes as no surprise that attention is swinging away from NASA and to China for the next big step into space.

The last time man set foot on the Moon was in 1972 when Eugene Andrew Cernan, last man on the Moon, boarded the Apollo 17 lunar module. That was 36 years ago and space flight has changed significantly since then, now NASA has more competition, as highlighted by Griffin during a visit to London:

"Certainly it is possible that if China wants to put people on the Moon, and if it wishes to do so before the United States, it certainly can. As a matter of technical capability, it absolutely can." - Dr Michael Griffin 

As to whether it actually matters whether China are the next to land on the Moon is open to interpretation. After all, the first nation to set foot on Earth's natural satellite was the USA, so is a return trip a big psychological "victory" for China? "I'm not a psychologist, so I can't say if it matters or not. That would just be an opinion and I don't want to air an opinion in an area that I'm not qualified to discuss," Griffin added.

Recently, there has been increased cooperation between the US and China when sharing science and information. "We do have some early co-operative initiatives that we are trying to put in place with China, mostly centred around scientific enterprises. I think that's a great place to start," he said. Although many will view an early Chinese lunar mission as a NASA failure, both nations appear to be trying to forge close relationships that could possibly lead to joint space missions in the future. After all, even at the peak of the Cold War, the US and Russia began working on a common goal.

"I think we're always better off if we can find areas where we can collaborate rather than quarrel. I would remind your [audience] that the first US-Soviet human co-operation took place in 1975, virtually at the height of the Cold War. And it led, 18 years later, to discussions about an International Space Station (ISS) programme in which we're now involved." - Dr Michael Griffin

Regardless of who gets to the Moon first, Griffin will be feeling the pressure of the "five-year gap" between the Shuttle being retired in 2010 and Constellation completion in 2015, there is still little alternative than relying on Russia and Europe for US access to space. Griffin has tried to increase Constellation funding by $2bn to bring completion forward by a year, but the application was quickly turned down by Congress. Those five long years may be more costly than the US government realizes as NASA loses more footing in manned access to space…

India's new kid on race to moon

India will send their first mission to the Moon in September. Chandrayaan-1 has been built and will be launched from Indian soil and sent on a mission to study the lunar surface. The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) will use its highly successful Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) to get the lunar probe into space. This is an impressive mission for a small space agency, making huge strides in the exploration of space…

It seems like everybody is doing it these days. First, Russia did it (in 1959) by landing a probe on the lunar surface and taking pictures of the far side of the Moon. Then the Soviets put the first artificial lunar satellite into orbit in 1966. Not to be out done, President Kennedy had already begun the US quest to get man on the Moon, and in 1969 the superpower achieved that goal. For a long time it was only the two competitors in the Space Race who had visited the Moon, but in 1990, Japan joined the "Lunar Club" (with the Hiten spacecraft). Then in 1997 Hong Kong (China) succeeded in two flybys (HGS-1, a commercial satellite). Eventually, in 2006, the European SMART-1 space vehicle made it into lunar orbit. But since then, it's been China (with the Chang'e program) and Japan (with SELENE, or "Kaguya") who have been most active around the natural satellite.


And now there is a new kid on the block: India. One of the most populous nations in the world is pushing ahead with its own aspirations for lunar exploration. Although comparatively small, the Indian space agency ISRO was established in 1972 to develop space-based technologies in the aim of enriching the nation's economy. Until the early 1990's, India had to rely on Russia to launch payloads into space, but 1994 saw the first successful launch of the powerful Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), lifting domestic and commercial satellites into orbit. Now the PSLV will launch India's most valuable payload yet, the Chandrayaan-1 lunar orbiter and impactor. It is scheduled for launch on September 19th.

In a speech on India's 61st Independence Day from the historic Red Fort in Delhi, the Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh called the Chandrayaan-1 mission "an important milestone" for the nation. However, although a date has been set for launch, some of the text seemed a little uncertain. "This year we hope to send an Indian spacecraft, Chandrayan, to the moon. It will be an important milestone in the development of our space programme," Singh said. Whether the "we hope" was accidental or whether the launch date is only tentative remains to be seen.

Regardless, the mission appears to be good to go, obviously a huge boost to national pride. "I want to see a modern India, imbued by a scientific temper, where the benefits of modern knowledge flow to all sections of society," he continued.

Researchers Say Face Transplants Are Viable, Not Oddities

Recent findings show that face transplants, which may still be considered medical oddities by some, are quite difficult to accomplish, but have really goods odds to be succesful. The cases of successful face transplants of a Chinese man whose face was tore off by a bear and of a French-Caribbean man who was defaced by a rare disease give much hope to several people who find themselves in a similar situation.

Researchers said Thursday that the facts gathered from the recent cases show that face transplants can be a long-lasting medical intervention for those suffering from facial disfigurement. The two research teams, which revealed their findings in The Lancet medical journal, said that facial transplants are reliable and those who undergo the procedure aren’t facing a high risk of complications after the surgery and treatment.

The research report said that, although there were initial problems with tissue rejection, the two patients were able to accept their new faces, were not affected by the change at a psychological level, and rejoined society after the procedure.
http://www.efluxmedia.com/news_Researchers_Say_Face_Transplants_Are_Viable_Not_Oddities_22835.html

Sony Ericsson TM506 Flip Phone To Be Available From T-Mobile

http://www.techgadgets.in/mobile-phones/2008/23/sony-ericsson-tm506-flip-phone-to-be-available-from-t-mobile/

This Sony Ericsson mobile model TM506 supports AWS technology which Tmobile supports and is the first model to fully support AWS. 

AWS spectrum could be used for media play by Google, Amazon and others

One of the more interesting areas of speculation is whether companies from the internet world will stop at influencing wireless behavior through partnerships with cellcos or license-exempt metrozones, or whether they will seek to become operators themselves and buy up spectrum.

There is a strong argument that vendors such as Intel or Cisco could invest in licenses to ensure the spectrum is controlled by forces friendly to their all-IP plans going a step further than the policy of Intel to finance more conventional spectrum acquirers, such as Clearwire or the UKs Pipex. The other likely non-traditional contenders in upcoming spectrum auctions could include public sector bodies and internet giants, notably Google.

There is growing talk that Google, perhaps working with other internet giants such as Amazon and eBay/Skype, will prepare a bid for the US auction this June of AWS spectrum in the paired 1710-1755MHz and 2110-2155MHz bands. This could potentially bring Microsoft into the market too.

Of course, Google has stoked such talk for over a year now with various indications that it might want to become a network owner  from its acquisition of dark fiber to its entry to the metrozone sector. But the question remains  why would it spend its $8.5bn cash mountain on wireless licenses and presumably network build-out, when it can partner with any operator it chooses? Intels interest would be clear  to set valuable frequencies aside for WiMAX, by buying up licenses and probably working with an operator such as Clearwire. But Google does not need to go up in opposition to the major cellcos, it just needs to put itself in a sufficiently powerful position that it gains the best terms from them to expand its core business, and the maximum exposure for its adverts on all possible networks. Unlike Intel, that approach is technology neutral.

Google is already in a powerful position without needing to own its own network, because of the dominance of its platform in the internet world, one that the mobile carriers can no longer ignore behind their walled gardens. As they are forced to open up to the web, they are already knocking at the doors of the key players  Google itself, MySpace, eBay and so on.

In the metrozone market, which it sees as a way to generate massive volumes of internet traffic, and therefore response to its adverts, it has backed away from early plans to own and operate a network, and has had the good sense to tie up with an existing operator, EarthLink. The same approach will pay off far better in the cellular world than trying to take on Cingular and TMobile head-to-head, especially at a time when Google faces a possible concerted effort by eBay with Yahoo or Microsoft to challenge its position in the internet market. The search engine giant may have seen its revenue grow 79% in its just announced first quarter, with profit up 60%, but it could still do without risking such shiny figures by entering the debt-laden, capexintensive world of network operators.

Some telcos are waiting for a challenge from the internet players however. It wouldnt shock me to find a range of unusual bidders in the upcoming spectrum auctions. Experience has shown that some companies havent needed a well thought-out business plan to bid, commented Jim Cicconi, AT&T senior vice president for legislative affairs.

This article originally ran in Wireless Watch, a publication of Rethink Research. Reproduced with permission. For information on the weekly Wireless Watch Newsletter and other Rethink Research products and services, click here.

Bernanke looks for new regulatory approach

By Mark Felsenthal

JACKSON HOLE, Wyoming (Reuters) - U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke's suggestion that financial supervision be revamped to take into account the health of the entire system is a logical response to recent market turmoil, but may be a difficult concept to execute.

A year into a financial tsunami unleashed by the spread of bad mortgage debts to credit instruments held around the world, Bernanke last week suggested supervisors broaden their usual firm-by-firm regulatory approach.

"Supervisors often focus on institutions in isolation," he said on Friday at the Kansas City Federal Reserve Bank's annual monetary policy conference here.

"An alternative approach, which has been called systemwide or macroprudential oversight, would broaden the mandate of regulators and supervisors to encompass consideration of potential systemic risks and weaknesses as well," he said.

U.S. Congressional Budget Office Director Peter Orszag said revamping regulation in the direction Bernanke suggested could bring benefits, but also carried some potential pitfalls.

"Clearly, conceptually it has to be the right answer, to have a comprehensive regulatory structure and a comprehensive perspective," Orszag told Reuters. "The only counterarguments are practical ones -- would the Fed have enough staff, would this broader approach imperil its political independence."

Any overhaul of the U.S. regulatory system is unlikely to take place until after a new president takes office in January and even then may not be among the first priorities of a new administration and Congress.

The Fed has already broadened its role in ensuring financial system stability with its organization of the sale of Bear Stearns and its decision to open up lending facilities for other investment banks. Usually, the Fed only lends to commercial banks.

A move to give supervisors formal responsibility for broad financial stability would make sense as a way to prevent problems from escalating to the point where they require government intervention, participants at the conference said.

"There's a huge complementarity between (the Fed's) lender-of-last-resort function and the intimate knowledge of financial institutions," said one central banker who spoke on condition of anonymity.

LARGER CENTRAL BANK ROLE SEEN

The idea that supervision should be independent of the central bank has severely been put to the test in the past year, as evidenced by the stumbles that preceded the near-collapse of British bank Northern Rock, the official said. Britain gave its central bank more responsibility for keeping the financial system on even keel after that crisis.

Bernanke said a comprehensive approach could allow supervisors to raise concerns about industry-wide concentrations of certain types of assets or certain types of practices, such as underwriting unusual types of mortgages.

Similarly, system-wide supervision could take into account how rules affect institutions differently at flush economic times as well as at stressful times.

"The macroprudential supervisor would recognize that, for the system as a whole, excessively conservative lending policies could prove counterproductive if they contribute to a weaker economic and credit environment," Bernanke said.

And while risk concentrations might be acceptable at one institution in a growth period, they might be dangerous if they were widespread among many firms, he said.

The Fed chairman said regulators should be careful to examine ways in which rules such as capital requirements tend to reinforce the phenomenon of credit shrinking when the economy slows, reinforcing any weakness, and expanding when the economy is robust, possibly encouraging excess.

The broadest view of system-wide supervision would also take into account non-bank financial institutions, he said.

"In principle, such an approach would appear well justified, as our financial system has become less bank-centered and because activities or risk-taking not permitted to regulated institutions have a way of migrating to other financial firms or markets," Bernanke said.

But he also acknowledged that such an approach would be "technically demanding."

(Editing by Maureen Bavdek)

10 Questions, and Answers, About Evolution

“Ten questions to ask your biology teacher about evolution,” a document by Jonathan Wells, a senior fellow at the Discovery Institute, a Seattle-based group that advocates intelligent design, aims to highlight the weaknesses in evolutionary theory. Here are his questions, along with responses compiled by the National Center for Science Education. More questions can be found on Dr. Wells’s site, http://www.iconsofevolution.com/ More information about biological evolution can be found at http://nationalacademies.org/evolution/.
Related
A Teacher on the Front Line as Faith and Science Clash (August 24, 2008) 

1. Origin of life. Why do textbooks claim that the 1953 Miller-Urey experiment shows how life’s building blocks may have formed on the early Earth — when conditions on the early Earth were probably nothing like those used in the experiment, and the origin of life remains a mystery? 

N.C.S.E. answer: Because evolutionary theory works with any model of the origin of life on Earth, how life originated is not a question about evolution. Textbooks discuss the 1953 studies because they were the first successful attempt to show how organic molecules might have been produced on the early earth. When modern scientists changed the experimental conditions to reflect better knowledge of the earth’s early atmosphere, they were able to produce most of the same building blocks. Origin-of-life remains a vigorous area of research. 

2. Darwin’s tree of life. Why don’t textbooks discuss the “Cambrian explosion,” in which all major animal groups appear together in the fossil record fully formed, instead of branching from a common ancestor — thus contradicting the evolutionary tree of life? 

A. Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals all are post-Cambrian. We would recognize very few of the Cambrian organisms as “modern”; they’re in fact at the roots of the tree of life, showing the earliest appearances of some key features of groups of animals - but not all features and not all groups. Researchers are linking these Cambrian groups using not only fossils but also data from developmental biology. 

3. Homology. Why do textbooks define homology as similarity due to common ancestry, then claim that it is evidence or common ancestry — a circular argument masquerading as scientific evidence? 

A: The same anatomical structure (such as a leg or an antenna) in two species may be similar because it was inherited from a common ancestor (homology) or because of similar adaptive pressure (convergence) . Homology of structures across species is not assumed, but tested by the repeated comparison of numerous features that do or do not sort into successive clusters. Homology is used to test hypotheses of degrees of relatedness. Homology is not “evidence” for common ancestry: common ancestry is inferred based on many sources of information, and reinforced by the patterns of similarity and dissimilarity of anatomical structures. 

4. Vertebrate embryos. Why do textbooks use drawings of similarities in vertebrate embryos as evidence for their common ancestry — even though biologists have known for over a century that vertebrate embryos are not most similar in their early stages, and the drawings are faked? 

A: Twentieth-century and current embryological research confirms that early stages (if not the earliest) of vertebrate embryos are more similar than later ones; the more recently species shared a common ancestor, the more similar their embryological development. Thus cows and rabbits - mammals - are more similar in their embryological development than either is to alligators. Cows and antelopes are more similar in their embryology than either is to rabbits, and so on. The union of evolution and developmental biology — “evo-devo” — is one of the most rapidly growing biological fields. “Faked” drawings are not relied upon: there has been plenty of research in developmental biology since Haeckel (long-discredited drawings that were used in textbooks 20 years ago) and in fact, hardly any textbooks feature Haeckel’s drawings, as claimed. 

5. Archaeopteryx. Why do textbooks portray this fossil as the missing link between dinosaurs and modern birds — even though modern birds are probably not descended from it, and its supposed ancestors do not appear until millions of years after it? 

A: The notion of a “missing link” is an out-of-date misconception about how evolution works. Archaeopteryx (and other feathered fossils) shows how a branch of reptiles gradually acquired both the unique anatomy and flying adaptations found in all modern birds. It is a transitional fossil. These fossils are not direct ancestors of modern birds but relatives, and, as everyone knows, your uncle can be younger than you!


6. Peppered moths. Why do textbooks use pictures of peppered moths camouflaged on tree trunks as evidence for natural selection — when biologists have known since the 1980s that the moths don’t normally rest on tree trunks, and all the pictures have been staged? 
Related
A Teacher on the Front Line as Faith and Science Clash (August 24, 2008) 

A: These pictures are illustrations used to demonstrate a point - the advantage of protective coloration to reduce the danger of predation. The pictures are not the scientific evidence used to prove the point in the first place. Compare this illustration to the well-known re-enactments of the Battle of Gettysburg. Does the fact that these re-enactments are staged prove that the battle never happened? The peppered moth photos are the same sort of illustration, not scientific evidence for natural selection. 

7. Darwin’s finches. Why do textbooks claim that beak changes in Galapagos finches during a severe drought can explain the origin of species by natural selection — even though the changes were reversed after the drought ended, and no net evolution occurred? 

A: Textbooks present the finch data to illustrate natural selection: that populations change their physical features in response to changes in the environment. The finch studies exquisitely documented how the physical features of an organism can affect its success in reproduction and survival, and that such changes can take place more quickly than was realized. That new species did not arise within the duration of the study hardly challenges evolution! 

8. Mutant fruit flies. Why do textbooks use fruit flies with an extra pair of wings as evidence that DNA mutations can supply raw materials for evolution — even though the extra wings have no muscles and these disabled mutants cannot survive outside the laboratory? 

A: In the very few textbooks that discuss four-winged fruit flies, they are used as an illustration of how genes can reprogram parts of the body to produce novel structures, thus indeed providing “raw material” for evolution. This type of mutation produces new structures that become available for further experimentation and potential new uses. Even if not every mutation leads to a new evolutionary pathway, the flies are a vivid example of one way mutation can provide variation for natural selection to work on. 

9. Human origins. Why are artists’ drawings of ape-like humans used to justify materialistic claims that we are just animals and our existence is a mere accident — when fossil experts cannot even agree on who our supposed ancestors were or what they looked like? 

A: Drawings of humans and our ancestors illustrate the general outline of human ancestry, about which there is considerable agreement, even if new discoveries continually add to the complexity of the account. The notion that such drawings are used to “justify materialistic claims” is not borne out by an examination of textbook treatments of human evolution. 

10. Evolution a fact? Why are we told that Darwin’s theory of evolution is a scientific fact — even though many of its claims are based on misrepresentations of the facts? 

A: In the last century, some of what Darwin originally proposed has been augmented by more modern scientific understanding of inheritance (genetics), development, and other processes that affect evolution. What remains unchanged is that similarities and differences among living things on Earth over time and space display a pattern that is best explained by evolutionary theory. 


Removing aspimgr.exe and Trojan.Asprox

http://www.symantec.com/security_response/writeup.jsp?docid=2007-060812-4603-99&tabid=3

Discovered: June 8, 2007

Updated: June 11, 2007 3:41:26 PM
Also Known As: TROJ_ASPROX.A [Trend]
Type: Trojan
Infection Length: 40,960 bytes and 61,440 bytes
Systems Affected: Windows 98, Windows 95, Windows XP, Windows Me, Windows NT, Windows Server 2003, Windows 2000

Trojan.Asprox is a Trojan horse that uses the compromised computer as a proxy server. 

Protection
Initial Rapid Release version June 8, 2007 revision 022
Latest Rapid Release version August 20, 2008 revision 017
Initial Daily Certified version June 9, 2007 revision 007
Latest Daily Certified version August 20, 2008 revision 016
Initial Weekly Certified release date June 13, 2007

Click here for a more detailed description of Rapid Release and Daily Certified virus definitions.
Threat Assessment
Wild
Wild Level: Low
Number of Infections: 0 - 49
Number of Sites: 0 - 2
Geographical Distribution: Low
Threat Containment: Easy
Removal: Easy
Damage
Damage Level: Low
Payload: Uses the compromised computer as a proxy server.
Distribution
Distribution Level: Low

Writeup By: Paul Mangan and Fergal Ladley

Discovered: June 8, 2007
Updated: June 11, 2007 3:41:26 PM
Also Known As: TROJ_ASPROX.A [Trend]
Type: Trojan
Infection Length: 40,960 bytes and 61,440 bytes
Systems Affected: Windows 98, Windows 95, Windows XP, Windows Me, Windows NT, Windows Server 2003, Windows 2000

When the Trojan is executed, it creates the following files:
%System%\aspimgr.exe
%Windir%\s32.txt
%Windir%\db32.txt
%Windir%\g32.txt
%Windir%\gs32.txt
%Windir%\ws386.ini
%Temp%\_check32.bat


Next, the Trojan creates the following registry subkeys:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\aspimgr
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Sft

The program then opens a proxy server on one of the following ports:
TCP port 80
TCP port 82


It then sends HTTP requests to the following locations:
[http://]www.yahoo.com
[http://]www.web.de
[http://]ns.uk2.net
[http://]208.109.50.117/foru[REMOVED]
[http://]208.109.51.140/foru[REMOVED]
[http://]216.69.164.173/foru[REMOVED]
[http://]74.52.72.58/foru[REMOVED]
[http://]216.40.204.106/foru[REMOVED]
Recommendations

Symantec Security Response encourages all users and administrators to adhere to the following basic security "best practices":
Turn off and remove unneeded services. By default, many operating systems install auxiliary services that are not critical, such as an FTP server, telnet, and a Web server. These services are avenues of attack. If they are removed, blended threats have less avenues of attack and you have fewer services to maintain through patch updates.
If a blended threat exploits one or more network services, disable, or block access to, those services until a patch is applied.
Always keep your patch levels up-to-date, especially on computers that host public services and are accessible through the firewall, such as HTTP, FTP, mail, and DNS services (for example, all Windows-based computers should have the current Service Pack installed.). Additionally, please apply any security updates that are mentioned in this writeup, in trusted Security Bulletins, or on vendor Web sites.
Enforce a password policy. Complex passwords make it difficult to crack password files on compromised computers. This helps to prevent or limit damage when a computer is compromised.
Configure your email server to block or remove email that contains file attachments that are commonly used to spread viruses, such as .vbs, .bat, .exe, .pif and .scr files.
Isolate infected computers quickly to prevent further compromising your organization. Perform a forensic analysis and restore the computers using trusted media.
Train employees not to open attachments unless they are expecting them. Also, do not execute software that is downloaded from the Internet unless it has been scanned for viruses. Simply visiting a compromised Web site can cause infection if certain browser vulnerabilities are not patched.

Writeup By: Paul Mangan and Fergal Ladley

Discovered: June 8, 2007
Updated: June 11, 2007 3:41:26 PM
Also Known As: TROJ_ASPROX.A [Trend]
Type: Trojan
Infection Length: 40,960 bytes and 61,440 bytes
Systems Affected: Windows 98, Windows 95, Windows XP, Windows Me, Windows NT, Windows Server 2003, Windows 2000

The following instructions pertain to all current and recent Symantec antivirus products, including the Symantec AntiVirus and Norton AntiVirus product lines.
Disable System Restore (Windows Me/XP).
Update the virus definitions.
Run a full system scan.
Delete any values added to the registry.

For specific details on each of these steps, read the following instructions.

1. To disable System Restore (Windows Me/XP)
If you are running Windows Me or Windows XP, we recommend that you temporarily turn off System Restore. Windows Me/XP uses this feature, which is enabled by default, to restore the files on your computer in case they become damaged. If a virus, worm, or Trojan infects a computer, System Restore may back up the virus, worm, or Trojan on the computer.

Windows prevents outside programs, including antivirus programs, from modifying System Restore. Therefore, antivirus programs or tools cannot remove threats in the System Restore folder. As a result, System Restore has the potential of restoring an infected file on your computer, even after you have cleaned the infected files from all the other locations.

Also, a virus scan may detect a threat in the System Restore folder even though you have removed the threat.

For instructions on how to turn off System Restore, read your Windows documentation, or one of the following articles:
How to disable or enable Windows Me System Restore
How to turn off or turn on Windows XP System Restore

Note: When you are completely finished with the removal procedure and are satisfied that the threat has been removed, reenable System Restore by following the instructions in the aforementioned documents.

For additional information, and an alternative to disabling Windows Me System Restore, see the Microsoft Knowledge Base article: Antivirus Tools Cannot Clean Infected Files in the _Restore Folder (Article ID: Q263455).

2. To update the virus definitions
Symantec Security Response fully tests all the virus definitions for quality assurance before they are posted to our servers. There are two ways to obtain the most recent virus definitions:
Running LiveUpdate, which is the easiest way to obtain virus definitions. 

If you use Norton AntiVirus 2006, Symantec AntiVirus Corporate Edition 10.0, or newer products, LiveUpdate definitions are updated daily. These products include newer technology.

If you use Norton AntiVirus 2005, Symantec AntiVirus Corporate Edition 9.0, or earlier products, LiveUpdate definitions are updated weekly. The exception is major outbreaks, when definitions are updated more often.


Downloading the definitions using the Intelligent Updater: The Intelligent Updater virus definitions are posted daily. You should download the definitions from the Symantec Security Response Web site and manually install them. 

The latest Intelligent Updater virus definitions can be obtained here: Intelligent Updater virus definitions. For detailed instructions read the document: How to update virus definition files using the Intelligent Updater.

3. To run a full system scan 
Start your Symantec antivirus program and make sure that it is configured to scan all the files. 

For Norton AntiVirus consumer products: Read the document: How to configure Norton AntiVirus to scan all files.

For Symantec AntiVirus Enterprise products: Read the document: How to verify that a Symantec Corporate antivirus product is set to scan all files.


Run a full system scan.
If any files are detected, follow the instructions displayed by your antivirus program.
Important: If you are unable to start your Symantec antivirus product or the product reports that it cannot delete a detected file, you may need to stop the risk from running in order to remove it. To do this, run the scan in Safe mode. For instructions, read the document, How to start the computer in Safe Mode. Once you have restarted in Safe mode, run the scan again. 
After the files are deleted, restart the computer in Normal mode and proceed with the next section. 

Warning messages may be displayed when the computer is restarted, since the threat may not be fully removed at this point. You can ignore these messages and click OK. These messages will not appear when the computer is restarted after the removal instructions have been fully completed. The messages displayed may be similar to the following:

Title: [FILE PATH]
Message body: Windows cannot find [FILE NAME]. Make sure you typed the name correctly, and then try again. To search for a file, click the Start button, and then click Search.

4. To delete the value from the registry
Important: Symantec strongly recommends that you back up the registry before making any changes to it. Incorrect changes to the registry can result in permanent data loss or corrupted files. Modify the specified subkeys only. For instructions refer to the document: How to make a backup of the Windows registry.
Click Start > Run.
Type regedit 
Click OK.

Note: If the registry editor fails to open the threat may have modified the registry to prevent access to the registry editor. Security Response has developed a tool to resolve this problem. Download and run this tool, and then continue with the removal.

Navigate to and delete the following registry subkeys:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\aspimgr
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Sft

Exit the Registry Editor.

Writeup By: Paul Mangan and Fergal Ladley

Nagori strategy stumps cops

Bangalore: Why have the Bangalore police not made progress in the 7/25 serial blasts probe while Ahmedabad police have arrested some SIMI men with connections in Karnataka? 

A new strategy of working in sub-groups without coming into contact with the same faction members has made investigation difficult for Bangalore police. This is the reason why the police are finding it difficult to get a major breakthrough . 

SIMI members of the Safdar Nagori faction work in different groups for different operations. But a set of common members has attended the meetings held by each group to monitor the activities. 

The shift in SIMI strategy began in 2001 after SIMI split into two factions - one headed by Shahi Badar Falahi and another by Safdar Nagori. Since then, the Nagori group has been on a recruitment drive. When a new member joined, he would be attached to the same person who introduced him to SIMI. This way the new recruit will not come in contact with other groups. 

T he i s - s u e came to light after Bangalore police interrogated those arrested by the Ahmedabad police, including two persons picked from Bijapur. 

The pattern in the H o n n a l i - H u bl i case, Belgaum 

arrests and the Ahmedabad case was that each group had held a series of meetings. After a detailed interrogation , the police discovered that three or four names were present in almost all the meetings. But they were not known properly by the arrested persons since they only came in the meetings and nowhere else. The police have pinned their hopes on these common names to find out the exact nature of activities that SIMI's Nagori group have been doing. The arrested persons have so far been unable to tell much about these elusive common names. A week ago, a team of police officials were sent 

to Gujarat to get clues on the serial blasts in Bangalore on July 25. Home minister V S Acharya last Monday had also confirmed the arrest of a SIMI member from Karnataka. 

"We have vital clues on the blasts here. The team will probe whether those arrested have links with the Bangalore blasts," Acharya had said. He had said the Bangalore police will work closely with the Gujarat police

‘Quillpad’ : E-mail, in your own language

Bangalore: E-mail can now be sent in ten different Indian languages without having to use cumbersome language software...  

Invented by Tachyon Technologies, ‘Quillpad’, a free online multi-lingual typing tool for emails is a software which enables people to communicate in regional languages. Quillpad is a predictive transliteration technology which allows users to type in Indian languages in English without using any rules like earlier technologies which depended on pre-defined conditions.  

Quillpad is already supporting 10 Indian Languages and one foreign language - Nepali. This software can support any language without human intervention within five to six hours of time. 

Ramprakash H, CEO, Tachyon Technologies and creator of Quillpad said, “The programme developed on a mathematical technique. It automatically predicts ambiguities that arise while using Roman letters to type in Indian languages. It uses automated machine learning techniques to learn new languages”.

The user will just have to type any regional language word using the English keyboard without having to worry about the phonetics. The software can be used to communicate in Kannada, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Bengali, Punjabi, Marathi and in Nepali.